| International Money Laundering and Undercover Money Laundering Transactions |
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| International money laundering is a federal offense. The elements of this offense include: Monetary instruments that are transported internationally; Defendant acted with the intent to promote the carrying on of the illegal activity, concealed the original transaction, attempted to avoid tax liability, or attempted to avoid reporting requirements; Transfer was done with the intent to conceal the proceeds from an illegal activity; Defendant knew the monetary instrument represented the proceeds derived from illegal activity.
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| CONDUCT & CAUSATION |
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| A defendant's conduct does not constitute a criminal offense unless the conduct is prohibited by a statute, a municipal ordinance, or a rule. The word "conduct" means an act or a failure to act. The word "conduct" also includes the defendant's mental state. The word "act" is defined as a voluntary movement of the defendant's body. The word "act" includes speech. More... |
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| Criminal Liability Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act |
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| Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) a superfund was created which provides funds for the clean up of pre-existent hazardous waste sites. Although most of the litigation under CERCLA is civil in nature, criminal charges under CERCLA do exist. The potential criminal charges concern the reporting requirements for releases of hazardous substances. More... |
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| Juvenile Proceedings |
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| Juvenile proceedings are different from regular criminal proceedings because they are tailored toward juveniles, children under the age of 18. Every state has a different type of system set up to handle their juvenile matters. Some states have an actual juvenile court, other states place juvenile matters under the guise of the family or probate court. However, most courts that have jurisdiction to hear juvenile matters may transfer the case to a trial court when the offense charged is severe. The process of transferring a juvenile case is often referred to as waiving jurisdiction. More... |
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| Closing Arguments During a Criminal Trial |
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| The defendant is entitled to present a closing argument in a criminal trial. The defendant's right to give a closing argument has been deemed by the United States Supreme Court as a basic element of the adversary factfinding process. More... |
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